Parametric nasopharyngeal swab for sampling COVID-19 and other respiratory viruses: Open source design, SLA 3-D printing and UV curing system.
Identifieur interne : 000986 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000985; suivant : 000987Parametric nasopharyngeal swab for sampling COVID-19 and other respiratory viruses: Open source design, SLA 3-D printing and UV curing system.
Auteurs : Nicole Gallup [États-Unis] ; Adam M. Pringle [États-Unis] ; Shane Oberloier [États-Unis] ; Nagendra G. Tanikella [États-Unis] ; Joshua M. Pearce [États-Unis, France, Finlande]Source :
- HardwareX [ 2468-0672 ] ; 2020.
Abstract
Access to nasopharyngeal swabs for sampling remain a bottleneck in some regions for COVID-19 testing. This study develops a distributed manufacturing solution using only an open source manufacturing tool chain consisting of two types of open source 3-D printing and batch UV curing, and provides a parametric fully free design of a nasopharyngeal swab. The swab was designed using parametric OpenSCAD in two components (a head with engineered break point and various handles), which has several advantages: i) minimizing print time on relatively slow SLA printers, ii) enabling the use of smaller print volume open source SLA printers, iii) reducing the amount of relatively expensive UV resin, and iv) enabling production of handle on more accessible material extrusion 3-D printers. A modular open source UV LED box was designed, fabricated for $45 and tested for batch curing. Swabs can be fabricated for $0.06-$0.12/swab. The results of the mechanical validation tests showed that the swabs could withstand greater forces than would be expected in normal clinical use. The swabs were also able to absorb a significant amounts of synthetic mucus materials and passed abrasion and handling tests. The results show the open source swab are promising candidates for clinical trials.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2020.e00135
PubMed: 32904317
PubMed Central: PMC7455530
Affiliations:
- Finlande, France, États-Unis
- Grand Est, Lorraine (région), Michigan, Uusimaa
- Espoo, Metz, Nancy
- Université Aalto, Université de Lorraine
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This study develops a distributed manufacturing solution using only an open source manufacturing tool chain consisting of two types of open source 3-D printing and batch UV curing, and provides a parametric fully free design of a nasopharyngeal swab. The swab was designed using parametric OpenSCAD in two components (a head with engineered break point and various handles), which has several advantages: i) minimizing print time on relatively slow SLA printers, ii) enabling the use of smaller print volume open source SLA printers, iii) reducing the amount of relatively expensive UV resin, and iv) enabling production of handle on more accessible material extrusion 3-D printers. A modular open source UV LED box was designed, fabricated for $45 and tested for batch curing. Swabs can be fabricated for $0.06-$0.12/swab. The results of the mechanical validation tests showed that the swabs could withstand greater forces than would be expected in normal clinical use. The swabs were also able to absorb a significant amounts of synthetic mucus materials and passed abrasion and handling tests. The results show the open source swab are promising candidates for clinical trials.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32904317</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>09</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">2468-0672</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>8</Volume><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>Oct</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>HardwareX</Title><ISOAbbreviation>HardwareX</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Parametric nasopharyngeal swab for sampling COVID-19 and other respiratory viruses: Open source design, SLA 3-D printing and UV curing system.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>e00135</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.ohx.2020.e00135</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Access to nasopharyngeal swabs for sampling remain a bottleneck in some regions for COVID-19 testing. This study develops a distributed manufacturing solution using only an open source manufacturing tool chain consisting of two types of open source 3-D printing and batch UV curing, and provides a parametric fully free design of a nasopharyngeal swab. The swab was designed using parametric OpenSCAD in two components (a head with engineered break point and various handles), which has several advantages: i) minimizing print time on relatively slow SLA printers, ii) enabling the use of smaller print volume open source SLA printers, iii) reducing the amount of relatively expensive UV resin, and iv) enabling production of handle on more accessible material extrusion 3-D printers. A modular open source UV LED box was designed, fabricated for $45 and tested for batch curing. Swabs can be fabricated for $0.06-$0.12/swab. The results of the mechanical validation tests showed that the swabs could withstand greater forces than would be expected in normal clinical use. The swabs were also able to absorb a significant amounts of synthetic mucus materials and passed abrasion and handling tests. The results show the open source swab are promising candidates for clinical trials.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© 2020 The Author(s).</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gallup</LastName><ForeName>Nicole</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pringle</LastName><ForeName>Adam M</ForeName><Initials>AM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Michigan Technological University, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Oberloier</LastName><ForeName>Shane</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Michigan Technological University, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tanikella</LastName><ForeName>Nagendra G</ForeName><Initials>NG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Michigan Technological University, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pearce</LastName><ForeName>Joshua M</ForeName><Initials>JM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Michigan Technological University, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Michigan Technological University, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Équipe de Recherche sur les Processus Innovatifs (ERPI), Université de Lorraine, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, Finland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>29</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>HardwareX</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101710262</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>2468-0672</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">3-D printing</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Additive manufacturing</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Medical hardware</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Nasal swab</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Nasopharyngeal swab</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Open hardware</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">RepRap</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">SLA</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">UV curing</Keyword></KeywordList><CoiStatement>The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>18</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>28</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>22</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>9</Day><Hour>18</Hour><Minute>3</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>10</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>10</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>1</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32904317</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.ohx.2020.e00135</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S2468-0672(20)30044-4</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">e00135</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7455530</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><pmc-dir>pmcsd</pmc-dir>
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